Scientists have uncovered how a rare genetic mutation in a British woman allows her to live an almost pain-free life and never feel anxious or afraid.
Experts from University College London (UCL) have discovered how mutations in the FAAH-OUT gene work at the molecular level, enabling Jo Cameron to not experience pain.
The same biological mechanisms are also believed to allow wounds to heal more rapidly.
Researchers said the findings, published in the journal Brain, open up doors for new drugs research in the fields of pain management and wound healing.
Professor James Cox, of UCL Medicine, said: “By understanding precisely what is happening at a molecular level, we can start to understand the biology involved and that opens up possibilities for drug discovery that could one day have far-reaching positive impacts for patients.”
Ms Cameron, 75, who lives near Loch Ness in the Scottish Highlands, made headlines in 2019 when UCL scientists announced that mutations in the previously unknown FAAH-OUT gene made her feel no pain, stress or fear.
She found out about the condition when she was 65 and sought treatment for an issue with her hip, which turned out to involve severe joint degeneration although she had experienced no discomfort.
She had surgery on her hand at Raigmore Hospital in Inverness months later and reported no pain afterwards, although the treatment is normally very painful.
Building on that work, the researchers found that FAAH-OUT mutation “turns down” the expression of the FAAH gene, which is associated with pain, mood, and memory.
The team discovered enzyme activity levels in the FAAH gene to be significantly reduced in Ms Cameron’s case.
They also analysed tissue samples to study the effects of FAAH gene mutations on other molecular pathways and found increased activity in another gene, known as WNT16, that has previously been linked to bone generation.
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The researchers also found alterations in two other genes, BDNF and ACKR3, which they believe may contribute to Ms Cameron’s low anxiety, fear and painlessness, the researchers said.
Dr Andrei Okorokov, also of UCL Medicine, a senior author of the study, said: “The FAAH-OUT gene is just one small corner of a vast continent, which this study has begun to map.
“As well as the molecular basis for painlessness, these explorations have identified molecular pathways affecting wound healing and mood, all influenced by the FAAH-OUT mutation.
“As scientists it is our duty to explore and I think these findings will have important implications for areas of research such as wound healing, depression and more.”
