The US central bank has slowed the pace of interest rate hikes further but indicated more rises are on the way despite official figures suggesting price pressures have peaked in the world’s largest economy.
The Federal Reserve revealed its verdict hours before counterparts in the UK and Europe reveal their next moves in the battle against inflation.
The Fed, as it’s known, raised its target interest rate by a quarter of a percentage point – as financial markets expected – following an aggressive set of increases last year to tame decades-high inflation.
It was lifted to a range between 4.50% to 4.75%.
But US shares lost ground and the dollar strengthened when its statement confirmed that policymakers were to maintain an iron grip on inflation risks.
“The committee anticipates that ongoing increases in the target range will be appropriate in order to attain a stance of monetary policy that is sufficiently restrictive to return inflation to 2% over time,” it read.
Fed chair Jay Powell later told a news conference that history told him it would be dangerous to take the foot off the gas “prematurely”.
The quarter point rise was the smallest increase since last March when the Bank made its first move against surging US inflation as post-pandemic price rises globally were exacerbated by the war in Ukraine.
The Fed had imposed four consecutive hikes of 0.75 percentage points prior to its last meeting in December, when the pace was reduced to a half percentage point rise.
It was at that point, before Christmas, when inflationary pressures were truly seen by policymakers as easing from the four-decade highs seen earlier in 2022 because so-called core inflation had slowed.
The cost of things such as oil, gas and many other commodities – outside of central bank control – went through the roof.
These increases later became ingrained in prices across Western economies as costs were passed down supply chains, pressuring central banks to cool economic activity and discourage wage increases that could inflame the inflation problem.
While economists believe inflation has also peaked in the UK and across Europe, the continent’s exposure to the loss of Russian energy flows has inflation more stubborn.
The Bank of England’s next rate decision is revealed at midday on Thursday
The Bank of England is widely expected to lift its rate from 3.5% to 4% on Thursday as a result.
The European Central Bank, which sets the rate path for the 20 countries which use the euro, is expected to impose the same hike in its main deposit rate.
The pound and euro both lost around a third of a cent as the dollar strengthened in the immediate aftermath of the Fed’s decision.
Oil prices, however, were down by 3% as the prospect of more rate tightening was seen as damaging for demand. Brent crude was trading at $83 a barrel.
Richard Carter, head of fixed interest research at Quilter Cheviot, said of the quarter point rate rise: “Investors should not confuse this as the end of the rate hiking cycle, instead a pause for breath as the Federal Reserve looks to continue to fight inflation, while also assessing if further hikes are the way to go.
“The economy has been fairly resilient and the consumer remains in okay shape. Recession could be avoided as a result, but this means we need to prepare for the Fed to continue raising rates for as long as inflation remains elevated.
“The last thing it wants to do is take its foot off the gas too early and stoke a new inflationary cycle,” he wrote.
